Jamabandi (Record of Rights)
The master land record maintained by the Revenue Department for every village in Punjab. Updated every 4 years through "Settlement." Contains all ownership (Khewat) and cultivation (Khatoni) records for every land parcel.
Fard (Certified Extract)
An official certified copy (extract) of a specific entry from the Jamabandi — for a specific Khasra number or Khewat number. The Fard has legal evidentiary value. Available online (digital Fard) or from the Patwari at the village level.
Khasra Number (Gata Number)
The unique survey number assigned to each land parcel during the original revenue survey. Every plot of land in Punjab has a Khasra number. This is the primary key for searching any land parcel.
Khewat Number (Ownership Number)
Groups all co-owners of a land parcel. One Khewat may contain multiple Khasra numbers owned by the same group of people. If there are 3 brothers co-owning land, they all appear under one Khewat.
Khatoni Number (Cultivation/Possession Number)
Identifies who is in actual possession/cultivation of the land — may differ from ownership in some cases (tenant farming situations). For urban plots, this is typically the same as the owner.
Intkal (Mutation)
The process of updating the Jamabandi to reflect a change of ownership — after sale, inheritance, or gift. Must be applied for at the Tehsildar's office after the sale deed is registered. Without Intkal, the buyer's name is not in the revenue records.
Lal Dora
Traditional village abadi (settlement) area in Punjab. Historically excluded from formal revenue records. Properties in Lal Dora may not have standard Khasra numbers. Different documentation rules apply — consult a local property lawyer.
Shamlat
Common land belonging to the village community (Gram Panchayat). Cannot be privately sold or purchased. Any transaction involving Shamlat land is legally void.
Column / Field
What It Means / What to Verify
Khewat No.
Ownership group number. Multiple co-owners share one Khewat. Identify all co-owners.
Khatadar (Owner) Names
All legal owners. Seller must be listed here. Missing name = cannot validly sell.
Share (Hissa)
Each owner's fractional share (e.g., 1/3, 1/2). All co-owners must sign or give POA for the sale.
Khasra No. (Gata)
Unique survey number of the land parcel. Verify against property documents.
Area (Kanal / Marla / Sarsahi)
Total area. 1 Acre = 8 Kanal; 1 Kanal = 20 Marla; 1 Marla = 9 Sarsahi.
Land Type (Gair Mumkin / Chahi / Barani)
Gair Mumkin = non-cultivable (built-up area, roads etc.). Chahi = irrigated. Barani = rainfed. Urban plots are often Gair Mumkin.
Kasht (Cultivation)
Who is in possession for cultivation. For urban plots, this should match ownership.
Remarks / Encumbrances (Likhit Bhar)
Any court attachments, mortgage entries, or recorded encumbrances. Must be cleared.
Intkal No. (Mutation)
The mutation number reflecting how the current entry was created. Trace through mutations to verify ownership history.
After a sale deed is registered, the buyer must apply for Intkal (mutation) to get their name entered in the Jamabandi. Without Intkal, the Jamabandi still shows the previous owner — creating complications for future sales, inheritance, and official recognition.
Intkal Process
→ Apply at the Tehsildar's office in the area where the property is located
→ Submit: registered sale deed copy, previous Fard/Jamabandi extract, identity proof of buyer
→ Tehsildar issues notice to all parties for objections
→ After no-objection period, Patwari updates Jamabandi
→ New Fard will show buyer as Khatadar
Without Intkal — Problems
✗ Revenue records show previous owner
✗ Property tax demand sent to previous owner
✗ Future resale is complicated — Jamabandi shows different owner
✗ Inheritance by buyer's heirs is harder to establish
✗ Rural property — agriculture records, subsidies remain in seller's name
Seller not in Jamabandi
They don't own what they're selling. No valid title to transfer.
Multiple co-owners — one selling
All co-owners must consent. Missing consent = disputed transfer.
Encumbrance in Remarks column
Mortgage or court order — must be cleared before sale.
Agricultural land without CLU
Can't develop for residential use — CLU mandatory first.
Shamlat (common) land
Village community property — cannot be privately sold.
Lal Dora classification
Different rules — consult local lawyer, not standard residential process.
Missing Intkal after previous sale
Previous transfer not updated — title chain gap.
Very recent Intkal before current sale
Rapid ownership changes can signal fraud — investigate.
Master Punjab Land Records
CREP™ includes the full Punjab state track — Fard & Jamabandi, GMADA approvals, PAPRA, RERA Punjab — so you can verify any Punjab property with the expertise buyers expect from a CREP™-certified professional.