1070+ property terms explained in plain words: RERA, land records (Fard, Jamabandi, 7/12, Patta), documents, law, tax, finance and state-specific vocabulary. Each term has its legal basis, an Indian example and a tip for agents.
Reviewed 16 October 2026 · 1073 terms · 14 topics
A Maharashtra land document listing all the survey numbers held by an owner in a village, with total area and revenue due.
Example: A buyer uses the 8A extract to confirm the seller's total holding in the village.
Agent tip: Use it alongside the 7/12 to confirm the holding as a whole.
Related: Satbara Utara (7/12) Revenue Record
The inhabited residential area of a village as recorded in revenue records, as distinct from farmland.
Example: A house inside the abadi deh is recorded differently from farmland on its outskirts.
Agent tip: Check the legal status of abadi plots. Some have no formal title documents.
Also called: Adangal Register, Village Account No. 2
A village-level register in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh recording who cultivates each survey number, the crop grown and the type of land. It is kept by the village revenue staff and is updated every year or season.
Example: The adangal for a field near Thanjavur shows a tenant farmer growing paddy, which tells the buyer that the owner is not in possession.
Agent tip: Compare the adangal with the patta. If the person in cultivation is not the seller, ask why before buying.
Related: Chitta Patta Revenue Record Girdawari
Also called: Land Ceiling Act, Surplus Land, Ceiling on Holdings
A state-law limit on how much agricultural land a person or family may hold. Land beyond the limit, called surplus land, can be taken by the state and given to landless people, with compensation as the law provides.
Example: A buyer in a state with a 20-acre ceiling finds that the seller already holds 18 acres, so buying 5 more would take the seller above the limit.
Agent tip: In states with ceiling laws, ask for a declaration of the seller's and the buyer's total holdings. Buying beyond the limit may be void.
Related: Land Reforms Urban Land Ceiling Agricultural Land Agricultural Tenancy
Also called: Kisan Tenancy, Batai, Crop-Share Tenancy
An arrangement where a person cultivates another's farmland for rent or a crop share. Many states give protected tenants security, and some have given tenants ownership rights, so a landlord's right to sell or evict can be limited.
Example: In Haryana, a farmer's family has cultivated a field for 40 years on lease. A buyer learns that the cultivator may claim tenancy rights under the state's tenancy law.
Agent tip: Check the girdawari to see who is in actual cultivation. A tenant listed there can block a clean sale.
Related: Girdawari Land Reforms Tenant Landlord
Also called: Any ROR, AnyROR Gujarat
Gujarat's online service for village form 7/12, 8-A and 6 (mutation) extracts. Citizens can view the record of rights for any survey number in the state without going to the taluka office.
Example: A buyer of farmland near Anand opens AnyROR and finds an entry for a bank charge on the land that the seller said had been repaid years ago.
Agent tip: Download the 7/12 and the 6 (mutation register) extract on the same day. Those two show the owner, the encumbrances and the history of changes.
Related: Satbara Utara (7/12) 8A Extract Mutation Bhulekh
Also called: Apna Khata Rajasthan
Rajasthan's online land record service, from which owners can download the jamabandi nakal, the khasra and the map. It is used to confirm who the khatedar is and which survey numbers the person holds.
Example: In Jodhpur, Meena downloads the jamabandi from Apna Khata and sees the seller's brother also listed as khatedar of the same khasra.
Agent tip: Check every khatedar in the extract. If the seller is only one of several, all of them must sign the deed.
Related: Khatedar Jamabandi Khasra Number Girdawari
Also called: Banglar Bhumi
West Bengal's online portal for land records, run by the land and land reforms department. Users search the record of rights and plot maps, apply for mutation and check the status of applications.
Example: Before buying a plot in New Town, Kolkata, Rina searches the plot on Banglarbhumi and sees that the recorded land type is farmland, not residential.
Agent tip: Print the portal record on the day of registration. Banglarbhumi also shows the mutation status, so check whether the seller's own name is already recorded.
Related: Khatian Dag Number (Plot Number) Mutation Bhulekh
Also called: Banjar Jadid, Banjar Qadim, Barren Land
Uncultivated land in the revenue records of north India, divided into banjar jadid (fallow for a few years, though cultivable) and banjar qadim (fallow for a long time). Both classes are different from land under regular cultivation.
Example: A buyer in Ambala finds a 5-acre plot listed as banjar qadim and learns that such land is treated as agricultural for the purpose of conversion.
Agent tip: Banjar status does not mean the land is free for development. The same agricultural rules, CLU and master plan checks still apply.
Related: Agricultural Land Gair Mumkin Change of Land Use (CLU) Jamabandi
Also called: Barga, Bargadar, Operation Barga
A sharecropper in West Bengal who cultivates another's land for a share of the crop and whose name is recorded under the state's Operation Barga programme. A recorded bataidar has hereditary tenancy rights, which cannot be ended at will.
Example: A buyer in Hooghly finds a recorded bataidar in the khatian of a 3-acre field. The seller said the land was free of tenants.
Agent tip: Look in the remarks column of the record for barga entries. A recorded bataidar has strong rights and affects the land's value.
Related: Khatian Agricultural Tenancy Land Reforms Banglarbhumi
Also called: Bhudan Land, Bhoodan Yajna Land
Land donated for the landless during the Bhoodan movement of the 1950s and later. State Bhoodan laws normally restrict its sale or transfer, and unallotted donated land stays under a Bhoodan board.
Example: In Jharkhand, a seller offers a 2-acre field once donated under the Bhoodan movement. The record shows it was allotted to a landless family with a bar on sale.
Agent tip: If the revenue record mentions Bhoodan, do not accept a private deed alone. Get the allotment order and the state's transfer rules checked.
Related: Agricultural Land Revenue Record Land Reforms Title
Also called: Bhoomi Portal
Karnataka's computerised land records system, through which farmers and buyers get the RTC (record of rights, tenancy and crops) and mutation extracts online. It replaced the old village accountant registers.
Example: A buyer from Mysuru downloads the RTC for a 1-acre site on the Bhoomi portal and sees a bank loan entry that the seller did not mention.
Agent tip: Always pull a fresh RTC just before registration. Entries for loans, court orders or tenants appear there and can change in weeks.
Related: RTC (Pahani) Mutation Record of Rights (RoR) Khata (Karnataka)
Also called: Dharani, Bhu Bharathi
Telangana's land record law and portal, introduced in 2025 to replace the earlier Dharani system. It holds records of rights, handles mutation and sale registration linkage, and provides an appeal route against revenue officials' decisions.
Example: After buying agricultural land near Warangal, Srinivas checks that the Bhu Bharati record shows his name along with the survey number, instead of relying only on the registered deed.
Agent tip: Older Dharani printouts may be outdated. Ask for a fresh record from the current portal and check the state's latest procedure for mutation.
Related: Record of Rights (RoR) Mutation Survey Number Revenue Record
Also called: Cadastral Map, Village Map, Naksha, Bhunaksha
The official digital or paper map of a village or ward that shows each survey or khasra parcel with its boundaries and number. It lets a buyer see the shape and neighbours of a plot, and match it with the written record of rights.
Example: Before buying 2 acres near Hoshiarpur, Gurpreet pulls the cadastral map and sees that the land has a narrow 8-foot neck to the road, which the seller's brochure never mentioned.
Agent tip: Compare the map shape with the area written in the deed. If the numbers differ noticeably, ask for fresh demarcation before paying the balance.
Related: Survey Number Khasra Number Demarcation Revenue Record
A common name for state online land record portals, such as Bhulekh in Uttar Pradesh and Odisha, and Mahabhulekh in Maharashtra.
Example: A buyer in Lucknow downloads the khatauni from the state's Bhulekh portal.
Agent tip: Use the official portal. Third-party sites may show outdated data.
Related: Revenue Record Khatauni
Also called: Bhumidhari, Bhumidhar with Transferable Rights
A land-holder category in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand in the zamindari abolition law. Bhumidhars hold land directly from the state, with rights that were either freely transferable or restricted, depending on the sub-class.
Example: A buyer in Meerut finds the seller listed as a bhumidhar with non-transferable rights. The revenue code generally bars a sale of such land, so the buyer drops the deal and checks whether the status has changed.
Agent tip: In UP, check the category in the khatauni before agreeing to buy. It decides whether and how the land can be sold.
Related: Khatauni Zamindari Abolition Revenue Record Agricultural Land
Also called: Resurvey, Digital Survey, Land Survey
A detailed ground survey that measures and maps each land parcel and its boundaries for the purpose of records and revenue. Resurvey is done again when boundaries or numbers need updating, and now often uses drones and satellite data.
Example: A resurvey in a Kerala village merges two old survey numbers and splits a third, so a seller's deed refers to numbers that no longer exist.
Agent tip: After any resurvey, ask for the old-to-new conversion statement. Otherwise a deed may not match the revised record.
Related: Survey Number Bhu Naksha (Cadastral Map) Demarcation NAKSHA Programme
A Tamil Nadu land record that shows land classification, extent and ownership details, usually looked up together with the patta.
Example: A buyer checks the patta and chitta on the state's online portal before buying.
Agent tip: A mismatch between chitta, patta and deed is a reason to delay purchase.
Related: Patta Revenue Record
Also called: Chakbandi, Chakbandi Records
A government programme that swaps scattered small plots of a farmer to give one or a few compact fields. It is done village by village, with a new map and record, and it is known as chakbandi in north India.
Example: After consolidation in a village near Muzaffarnagar, a farmer's four scattered plots become a single block with a new khasra number. Old sale deeds still mention the old numbers.
Agent tip: In a consolidated village, match the old and new numbers through the consolidation records before checking title.
Related: Fragmentation of Holdings Khasra Number Revenue Record Gata Number
City Survey number: the identification number given to urban properties in Maharashtra (also Cadastral Town Survey in some places). It appears on the property card.
Example: A Mumbai deed describes land as "CTS No. 1234, Village Andheri".
Agent tip: Check that the CTS number in the agreement matches the property card.
Related: Property Card Survey Number
Also called: Dag, Plot Number
The plot or parcel number used in West Bengal, Assam and parts of eastern India to identify a piece of land on the village map and in the khatian. It does the same job as the khasra or survey number in other states.
Example: The deed describes land at Mouza Bishnupur as Dag No. 214, which matches the map but not the khatian, where the same land is under Dag No. 241.
Agent tip: A typing swap in the dag number is common. Always cross-check it across the deed, khatian and map.
Related: Khatian Survey Number Khasra Number Bhu Naksha (Cadastral Map)
The term for mutation in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand: addition of the new owner's name and removal of the previous owner's name in the land records.
Example: A buyer in Patna applies for dakhil kharij after registration to update the land record.
Agent tip: Include dakhil kharij in the post-registration checklist for clients in these states.
The physical marking of a plot's boundaries on the ground by a revenue official or licensed surveyor, based on the map and records.
Example: Before building a boundary wall, a buyer gets the plot demarcated and finds that the neighbour's fence is 2 feet inside the plot.
Agent tip: Never skip demarcation for plots. Many boundary disputes begin with an assumed boundary.
Related: Plot Area Boundary Wall Tehsildar
Also called: Dharitree Portal
Assam's land records portal, where users can see the jamabandi (record of rights), the patta, the village map and the mutation status for land parcels. It is part of the state's digitisation of revenue records.
Example: A buyer in Guwahati searches Dharitree using the dag and patta number and finds that the land is recorded as agricultural.
Agent tip: The portal can show mutation requests that are still pending. Wait until a pending mutation is resolved before paying the full price.
Related: Dag Number (Plot Number) Patta Record of Rights (RoR) Mutation
The Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme: a central programme to digitise land records, maps and registration, and link them across states.
Example: Under DILRMP, state portals publish digitised records and maps.
Agent tip: Use it to explain why many states now give online copies of land records.
Related: ULPIN (Bhu-Aadhaar) Bhulekh SVAMITVA
Also called: Evacuee Land, Displaced Persons Property
Property in India left behind by people who migrated to Pakistan around Partition and then managed by the Custodian under special laws. Some of it was allotted to displaced persons, and title issues can still be seen in old cases.
Example: A shop in an old Amritsar market is described as allotted evacuee property. The buyer asks for the allotment and the sale-certificate trail.
Agent tip: For old city properties in the north, check how the first allottee obtained title. Missing sale certificates cause trouble in resale.
Related: Title Link Documents Marketable Title Revenue Record
Also called: Fard Jamabandi, Jamabandi Nakal
An extract or copy of the Jamabandi for a particular holding, issued by the revenue department. Buyers often call it a "land ownership certificate", but it is only a record extract and not proof of title.
Example: A bank asks for a fard issued within the last three months before it lends against agricultural land.
Agent tip: Ask for a fresh fard on the day of the deal. An old fard may not show a new mortgage or sale.
Related: Jamabandi Khasra Number Intkal
The Maharashtra term for the mutation entry, recorded in the Village Form 6 (Ferfar Utara) when a property changes hands.
Example: After buying agricultural land in Pune district, the buyer's name must be entered through a ferfar before the 7/12 extract shows it.
Agent tip: Check the ferfar entries in the 7/12 history to see past transfers and any pending disputes.
Related: Satbara Utara (7/12) Mutation Talathi
Also called: FMB, FMB Sketch
A sketch maintained by the survey department in Tamil Nadu showing the exact shape, sides and area of a survey field or its subdivision. It is the base for a patta, a sub-division and a boundary dispute.
Example: Asha sees in the FMB that her Coimbatore plot is 4,000 square feet on paper, while the deed claims 4,400, and asks for a corrected sub-division before building.
Agent tip: Ask for the FMB sketch for any rural or suburban plot in Tamil Nadu. A deed area that is higher than the FMB area is a warning sign.
Related: Survey Number Patta Chitta Demarcation
Also called: Prevention of Fragmentation, Tukde Bandi
The splitting of farmland into very small pieces, handled by state laws that set a minimum area below which agricultural land cannot be divided or sold. Such rules aim to keep farms usable.
Example: A broker plans to sell a 1-acre field in 8 slices to different buyers. The state's fragmentation law bars such sales below its minimum area, so the deeds are in danger.
Agent tip: Do not buy a tiny cut from a farm without checking the state's minimum-holding or fragmentation rule. The registration may be refused, or the sale may not be valid.
Related: Consolidation of Holdings Agricultural Land Plot Land Reforms
Land recorded as not fit for cultivation, such as paths, ponds, wells or village roads, in the revenue records of several northern and western states.
Example: A plot marked "gair mumkin" in the Jamabandi cannot be sold for housing without the proper change of status.
Agent tip: Refuse deals on land that shows gair mumkin unless the record has been changed in the proper manner.
Related: Jamabandi Agricultural Land Change of Land Use (CLU)
Also called: Gavthan, Gaon Thana
The village settlement area in Maharashtra, set aside for homes and village use and kept separate from farmland. Plots there are usually shown on a property card and are exempt from agricultural assessment, so an NA order is not needed inside the gaothan limits.
Example: A buyer in a village near Pune finds that the plot lies inside the gaothan, so no NA order is needed, but the village panchayat records must show the seller's name.
Agent tip: Check the gaothan record and the panchayat assessment extract. Loans for gaothan houses are easier when the property card is clear.
Related: Abadi Deh Property Card Panchayat NA (Non-Agricultural) Order
The number of a land parcel in Uttar Pradesh revenue records. A khata groups the gatas held by the same holder.
Example: A deed gives "Khata 218, Gata 340". The same numbers should appear in the khatauni.
Agent tip: Always check gata and khata together.
Related: Khatauni Survey Number
A record of crops and possession kept by the revenue department in northern states, showing who actually cultivates a field each season.
Example: A girdawari shows a tenant farming a plot that the seller claims is empty.
Agent tip: Girdawari helps to confirm who is in possession. A mismatch can signal a dispute.
Related: Khewat and Khatoni Jamabandi Patwari
Also called: Gauchar, Charagah, Gomal
Village land set aside for common grazing of cattle, protected as community land by the gram panchayat in most states. Gochar land cannot normally be sold or used for building, and encroachments can be removed.
Example: A broker sells a roadside field near Mehsana which the 7/12 shows as gochar. After a complaint, the panchayat removes the fence.
Agent tip: Never buy land recorded for grazing or common use. The panchayat can reclaim it, and the buyer loses the money.
Related: Gair Mumkin Shamlat Deh Panchayat Revenue Record
Also called: Inam, Inamdar Land, Watan Land
Land that was historically granted free of rent or at a reduced rent by a ruler or the government, for service, religious or charitable purposes. Many states have abolished the grants, but some inam lands still carry transfer restrictions.
Example: In Solapur, a plot is shown as inam land in the old records. The buyer's lawyer finds that the grant was abolished and the land regularised after the holder paid the due amount.
Agent tip: Ask for the order that abolished or regularised the inam. Without it, the seller may not have a transferable title.
Related: Occupancy Class II Land Revenue Record Title Marketable Title
A Maharashtra registration department extract showing the details of a registered document, including parties, property description, price and stamp duty paid. It helps verify past transactions.
Example: A buyer checks Index II extracts to see what price was paid on the last sale of a flat.
Agent tip: Use Index II to confirm past registered transfers and the consideration shown.
The Punjabi and Haryanvi term for mutation: the entry that records a change of ownership in the revenue record after sale, inheritance or gift.
Example: After a registered sale deed in Mohali, the buyer checks that intkal is sanctioned, applying at the tehsil if it is not.
Agent tip: Without intkal, the Jamabandi continues to show the old owner. Punjab's online service now starts intkal after registration, so check that it was completed.
The main record of rights in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. It lists owners, area, field numbers (khasra) and any possession details, and is updated periodically by the revenue department.
Example: A buyer in Kharar asks for the latest Jamabandi and sees the seller's name along with two co-owners. Unless only the seller's own recorded share is being sold, all three must sign.
Agent tip: Ask for a certified or online copy of the latest Jamabandi. Look for co-owners, mortgages and entries on possession.
Related: Fard Khasra Number Khewat and Khatoni Intkal
A supervisory revenue official above the patwari in Punjab and Haryana. The kanoongo checks records and verifies mutation entries in his circle. The final order may be passed by a higher revenue officer.
Example: A kanoongo verifies the patwari's mutation entry before it goes for approval.
Agent tip: Know the hierarchy: patwari, kanoongo, tehsildar.
The number of an individual field or land parcel in the village map and revenue records of states such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Example: A farm sale lists khasra numbers 24, 25 and 26. The buyer checks each against the village map.
Agent tip: Match each khasra number with the map and the Jamabandi. Missing numbers may mean part of the land is not covered.
Related: Jamabandi Survey Number Shajra
A document from the local body in Karnataka showing the property's khata number, owner and tax details. It is needed for property tax, loans and utility connections.
Example: A bank asks for the khata certificate and extract before approving a home loan.
Agent tip: Collect both the certificate and the extract, and confirm the type and name.
Related: Khata (Karnataka) Property Tax
A property record kept by the local body in Karnataka that links a property to its tax account. A-khata properties are in approved layouts. B-khata properties are in irregular layouts and have limits on loans and approvals. Bengaluru now uses e-Khata, and a limited-period scheme to convert B-khata to A-khata ran from November 2025.
Example: A buyer of a site in Bengaluru finds that the property has B-khata, so banks decline the loan.
Agent tip: Always ask for the khata type. B-khata can limit loans, building plan approvals and resale.
Related: Khata Certificate Property Tax Revenue Record
A revenue record in Uttar Pradesh and some other states that shows holdings and the cultivators or owners of each plot, with the khata and gata numbers.
Example: A UP buyer reads the khatauni to see who is recorded as the holder of a gata number.
Agent tip: Compare the khatauni with the sale deed. The names and area should be the same.
Related: Gata Number Revenue Record Mutation
Also called: Khatadar, Khatedari Right
A person recorded as the main land-holder of agricultural land in Rajasthan, Haryana and some other states, with rights against the state to hold and farm the land. Tenant farmers who farm another's land may also become khatedars.
Example: A farm near Alwar lists three khatedars. The buyer realises all three, and not only the broker's contact, must agree to the sale.
Agent tip: Ask for names of all khatedars from the jamabandi, then ask each to sign. A deed signed by one co-holder is risky.
Related: Jamabandi Khewat and Khatoni Apna Khata Joint Ownership
Also called: Khatiyan, Khatiyan Number
The Record of Rights in West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand and Bihar, recording the name of the holder, plot numbers (dag), area and nature of the land. A new khatian is prepared at each settlement or survey.
Example: In Burdwan, a buyer asks for the latest khatian and finds that the plot is jointly held by three siblings, though only one signed the sale agreement.
Agent tip: A khatian can list co-sharers. Insist that every recorded co-sharer signs the sale deed.
Related: Record of Rights (RoR) Dag Number (Plot Number) Mutation Banglarbhumi
Two numbers in north Indian land records. Khewat is the ownership holding number. Khatoni is the cultivation holding, which shows who is working the land.
Example: A Jamabandi entry reads "Khewat 45, Khatoni 60". A buyer checks both to see the owner and the cultivator.
Agent tip: When the cultivator is different from the owner, find out whether it is a tenant.
Related: Jamabandi Khasra Number Girdawari
The boundary of the old inhabited area (abadi) of a village in Punjab, Haryana and Delhi. Land inside it was exempt from some building and colony rules, but this exemption has been narrowed in many places.
Example: A seller offers a house in a village's Lal Dora area without an approved plan. The buyer must check the local authority's rules.
Agent tip: Lal Dora land often lacks sanctioned plans and formal titles. Verify before you quote a price.
Related: Abadi Deh Approved Layout Sanctioned Plan
A method of land assembly in which owners hand over land to a development agency and receive back a smaller developed plot with roads and services. It avoids forced acquisition.
Example: Under a pooling scheme an owner of 4 acres receives developed plots in the new township instead of cash.
Agent tip: Understand the scheme's rules and plot ratio before you advise a landowner. Policies change.
Related: Land Acquisition (RFCTLARR Act, 2013) Master Plan Township (Integrated)
Also called: Bhumi Sudhar
State laws intended to reduce inequality in landholding. They covered abolishing intermediaries, protecting tenants, limiting how much land one family can hold, and distributing surplus land to the landless. Land is a state subject, so rules differ.
Example: In West Bengal, a family finds that part of its old holding was vested as surplus under the state's ceiling law and given to landless farmers decades ago.
Agent tip: Old agricultural holdings may be affected by ceiling or tenancy orders. Check that the land was not declared surplus or given to a tenant.
Related: Agricultural Land Ceiling Zamindari Abolition Agricultural Tenancy Urban Land Ceiling
Also called: Bandobast, Settlement Survey, Resettlement
The process by which a state surveys land, fixes its revenue and records who holds it. Settlements gave rise to the old systems named zamindari, ryotwari and mahalwari, and fresh settlements still update the records.
Example: A district's records date from a settlement done in the 1930s and a revised one in the 1980s. A buyer's lawyer compares the two to follow how a plot's number changed.
Agent tip: When numbers differ between old and new records, ask for the settlement or resurvey conversion table.
Related: Survey Number Cadastral Survey Revenue Record Zamindari Abolition
Also called: Lattha, Masavi
A traditional village map in Punjab and Haryana, historically drawn on cloth, showing every field with its number and shape. Patwaris still use it with the jamabandi to identify a parcel and its neighbours.
Example: A Patwari in a Fatehgarh Sahib village spreads out the latha to show a buyer that the plot in the jamabandi sits at the village edge, not beside the canal as the seller claimed.
Agent tip: Ask the Patwari to mark the plot on the latha and sign the copy. It is cheap and settles many location doubts.
Related: Patwari Jamabandi Shajra Khasra Number
The Maharashtra government's online portal for 7/12 extracts, 8A extracts and property cards.
Example: A buyer downloads a digitally signed 7/12 from Mahabhulekh.
Agent tip: Prefer the digitally signed copy over a hand-written one.
Related: Satbara Utara (7/12) 8A Extract Property Card
Also called: Mee Bhoomi, 1-B
Andhra Pradesh's online portal for land records. It gives the adangal, 1-B (record of rights) and related extracts for a village survey number, and is used for ownership checks and mutations.
Example: A buyer of paddy land near Guntur downloads the 1-B and adangal on Meebhoomi, and finds that the land is shown as wet land, not dry land as the broker said.
Agent tip: Check the land classification and the cultivator's name on the portal extract. Wet and dry classification can affect conversion rules and price.
Related: Adangal Record of Rights (RoR) Survey Number Mutation
Official measurement of land in Maharashtra, carried out by the Land Records department to fix boundaries.
Example: Neighbours dispute a boundary and apply for mojani. The surveyor marks the line on the ground.
Agent tip: Suggest mojani when boundaries are uncertain, before purchase of agricultural land.
Related: Demarcation Survey Number
Also called: Mushtarka Khata, Joint Khata
Jointly owned land in Punjab and Haryana where the holdings of co-owners are not divided on the ground. The record shows shares, but no co-owner can claim a specific portion without partition.
Example: In a Karnal village, five brothers own 20 acres as mushtarka malkan. One brother sells a defined 3 acres, but the others object since the land was never partitioned.
Agent tip: When land is jointly held, the safe route is a registered partition first, or a sale signed by all co-owners.
Related: Jamabandi Partition Deed Joint Ownership Fard
The entry in the revenue or municipal records that changes the recorded owner after a sale, inheritance or gift. It does not itself give title, but it is essential proof for tax, loan and resale.
Example: Mr. Sharma buys a plot and registers the sale deed, but does not apply for mutation. Two years later the old owner's name still shows in the records and a bank refuses a loan.
Agent tip: Tell every buyer to confirm mutation within weeks of registration. Some states now start it automatically, but the buyer should check that it was attested.
Related: Intkal Dakhil Kharij Ferfar Revenue Record
Also called: Nehri, Chahi, Barani
The three main irrigation classes of farmland in the revenue records of Punjab and Haryana. Nahri land is watered by canal, chahi by a well or tube well, and barani depends on rain. The class often affects the land's price.
Example: Two 5-acre fields near Sirsa are priced differently, since one is nahri with a canal outlet while the other is barani.
Agent tip: Check the class in the jamabandi and compare it with what you see. A field recorded as nahri without an actual outlet may have been wrongly classed.
Related: Agricultural Land Jamabandi Girdawari Banjar Land
Also called: National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations
A central programme to prepare updated records of urban land using aerial imagery and drone mapping. The goal is to create property records for towns, which for long did not have the clear revenue maps that villages have. It was launched on a pilot basis in 2025.
Example: A town in the pilot phase receives drone-based mapping of its houses, and owners are asked to verify boundaries against their deeds.
Agent tip: If your city is covered, check your plot's map entry when the survey is displayed. Errors are easier to fix at that stage than later.
Related: Property Card DILRMP SVAMITVA ULPIN (Bhu-Aadhaar)
The word for mutation of land records in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
Example: A buyer in Bhopal applies for namantaran after the sale deed is registered.
Agent tip: Make sure the buyer files promptly. Pending namantaran blocks later resale and loans.
Related: Mutation Revenue Record
Also called: Nazool Land, Nazul
Government-owned urban land that is not managed as revenue land, often leased out in the past to private people or bodies for a fixed term. Several cities have rules for renewal or conversion to freehold.
Example: A flat in an older locality of Prayagraj stands on nazul land with a lease that expired. The buyer needs to know whether the lease has been renewed.
Agent tip: For nazul land, ask for the lease deed, the renewal order and any pending dues. Banks often avoid expired-lease properties.
Related: Leasehold Property Freehold Property Lease Deed Development Authority
Also called: Navi Sharat Jamin, Navi Satta Prakar
Land in Gujarat given by the government on conditions, often for farming, that restrict sale or non-agricultural use unless the Collector approves and a premium is paid. Land without such conditions is called old tenure land.
Example: A plot near Surat is found to be new tenure in the 7/12. The seller must first get permission and pay the premium before the buyer can build a residential project.
Agent tip: In Gujarat, always check whether land is old or new tenure. The premium can be a large part of the price.
Related: Satbara Utara (7/12) Agricultural Land Jantri Revenue Record
Also called: Bhogwatdar Class II, Class 2 Land, Varg 2
In Maharashtra, land held with restrictions on transfer (Class II, or bhogwatdar), as against free Class I land (bhumiswami). Selling or using it for non-agricultural purposes needs the Collector's permission and often a payment to the state.
Example: A buyer in Nashik finds the 7/12 extract showing Class II occupancy and learns that the sale needs Collector permission, and a premium may be payable to convert it to Class I.
Agent tip: Read the other rights column of the 7/12. If it says Class II, do not pay beyond the token before the permission is in hand.
Related: Satbara Utara (7/12) Gaothan Inam Land Agricultural Land
A land record of possession and tax liability, used in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and some other states, issued by the revenue department. It records the holder, survey number and extent of land. It is not by itself proof of title.
Example: A buyer in Chennai asks the seller for the patta along with the sale deed.
Agent tip: Check the patta in the current owner's name. The patta may lag behind the sale deed if it has not been transferred.
Related: Chitta Undivided Share of Land (UDS) Revenue Record
A village-level revenue official in northern states who maintains land records, field maps and crop entries.
Example: A patwari enters a mutation after the tehsildar's order.
Agent tip: In Punjab and Haryana, you may need the patwari for records such as a field map or girdawari.
Also called: Poramboku, Porombok
Land in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and nearby states that belongs to the government or the public and is not assessed for revenue, such as water bodies, tanks, channels, grazing land and roads. It cannot normally be sold to private persons.
Example: A broker in Chennai offers cheap plots by a lake. The revenue map shows them as water-body poramboke, so no valid title can arise from the deed.
Agent tip: Check the land classification in the patta or village records. Anything marked poramboke is a major red flag.
Related: Patta Chitta Revenue Record Gair Mumkin
The record of ownership for urban land in Maharashtra and some other states, maintained by the City Survey department. It shows the owner, area and encumbrances.
Example: A buyer in Pune checks the property card to confirm the owner of an urban plot.
Agent tip: For urban properties in Maharashtra, check the property card as well as the sale deed.
Related: CTS Number Index II Revenue Record
A revenue document that records ownership, tenancy and related rights over a land parcel. It is the legal base for revenue collection and land transactions.
Example: A buyer checks that the RoR names the seller as owner and shows no tenant or loan entry.
Agent tip: Match the owner's name in the RoR with the name in the sale deed. A mismatch needs correcting before purchase.
Related: Revenue Record Mutation Jamabandi
The government's official register of land: who owns it, who cultivates it, how large it is and what it is used for. Each state keeps its own version under names such as Jamabandi, 7/12, Khatauni or RTC.
Example: A buyer in Haryana asks for the latest Jamabandi, while a buyer in Maharashtra asks for the 7/12 extract. Both are the revenue record of that state.
Agent tip: A sale deed is a transfer document. The revenue record shows who the government treats as owner. Check both.
Related: Jamabandi Satbara Utara (7/12) Khatauni Mutation
Also called: Mauza, Mouza, Revenue Mouza
The smallest unit used in revenue records, with its own boundary, village number and set of survey numbers. A revenue village need not be the same as a hamlet or a village panchayat, and one panchayat may include several.
Example: A deed names the village as Sherpur, but the revenue village has a different name from the locality the broker uses, which makes the search at the sub-registrar difficult.
Agent tip: Use the revenue village name and number from the record when you search or write a deed, not the common name of the area.
Related: Tehsil Survey Number Revenue Record Patwari
Record of Rights, Tenancy and Crops: the land record for agricultural land in Karnataka (called Pahani in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, where portals have changed in recent years). It shows the owner, area, crops and loans.
Example: A buyer of farm land near Mysuru reads the RTC to see the owner and any loan entry.
Agent tip: Check the RTC for the last three to five years to see changes.
Related: Revenue Record Mutation
The main land record for rural land in Maharashtra. It shows the owner, survey number, area, crops, loans and encumbrances. The "7" covers rights and "12" covers cultivation.
Example: A buyer in Nashik reads the 7/12 extract and finds a bank loan entry in the "other rights" column.
Agent tip: Ask for the latest digitally signed 7/12 and check the other rights column for loans and court orders.
Related: Ferfar 8A Extract Talathi Mahabhulekh
Also called: HP Section 118, Section 118 Permission
A provision of the Himachal Pradesh Tenancy and Land Reforms Act, 1972, that bars a person who is not an agriculturist of the state from buying land there without the state government's permission. It is the reason outsiders cannot freely buy land in the state.
Legal basis: Himachal Pradesh Tenancy and Land Reforms Act, 1972, Section 118.
Example: A Delhi buyer wants a plot in Solan. The seller says it is a simple sale deed, but the buyer needs the state's Section 118 permission before registration.
Agent tip: For Himachal property, make Section 118 permission a condition of the agreement. Check the state's current rules, as they have been amended often.
Related: Agricultural Land Land Reforms Title Registration (Property)
A revenue sketch. Shajra Nasab is a family tree used to show legal heirs for mutation, and Shajra Kishtwar is the field map of a village showing parcels.
Example: To mutate inherited land, heirs submit a shajra nasab listing all legal heirs.
Agent tip: Ask for the family tree when title comes by inheritance, and see that every heir signs.
Related: Legal Heir Certificate Intkal Khasra Number
Village common land in Punjab and Haryana, used by the community for grazing, ponds and paths. It is vested in the panchayat and cannot be sold by private persons.
Legal basis: Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961, which Haryana also applies with its own amendments.
Example: A "plot" sold on shamlat land turns out to belong to the village panchayat.
Agent tip: Check the Jamabandi for the word shamlat. Such land cannot be sold.
A number given to a land parcel by the survey or revenue department to identify it in records and maps. Different states use names such as khasra, gata, hissa or survey number.
Example: A deed describes land as "Survey No. 45/2, Village Hinjewadi" in Maharashtra, while in Punjab the same job is done by the khasra number. That number links the deed to the village map.
Agent tip: Check that the survey number in the sale deed, revenue record and approved layout are the same.
Related: Khasra Number Gata Number CTS Number
A central scheme that uses drones to map village inhabited areas and gives rural property owners legal ownership cards. It helps to settle abadi land disputes and enables loans.
Example: A village resident receives a property card under SVAMITVA for a house in the abadi area.
Agent tip: Know that rural abadi owners can now get formal records.
Related: Abadi Deh DILRMP Property Card
A village-level revenue official in Maharashtra and Gujarat (spelled Talati in Gujarat) who maintains village land records and collects revenue. Maharashtra has begun calling the post Gram Mahsul Adhikari.
Example: For a mutation in Maharashtra, the talathi enters the change in the record.
Agent tip: Know the talathi's role if your buyer asks who updates the 7/12.
Related: Satbara Utara (7/12) Ferfar Tehsildar
An administrative sub-division of a district. Land records such as Jamabandi, Fard and Intkal are maintained at tehsil level.
Example: A Mohali buyer visits the tehsil office to check that an intkal was sanctioned.
Agent tip: Learn which tehsil covers the property, because the revenue office depends on the village.
Related: Tehsildar Jamabandi Sub-Registrar
The chief revenue officer of a tehsil. The tehsildar attests mutations, issues certificates and manages land records at tehsil level.
Example: A tehsildar signs the mutation order after the objection period ends.
Agent tip: For revenue certificates and disputes about records, the tehsil is the first office.
Related: Tehsil Patwari Sub-Registrar
Also called: Thandaper Account, Thandaper Register
A Kerala village record that lists a landholder's holdings, with survey numbers and area, and is linked to the land tax roll. It sits at the village office and is used with the basic tax register when title or area is checked.
Example: In Kottayam, a buyer asks for the thandaper entry and finds that the seller holds the land only in one of two survey numbers mentioned in the sale agreement.
Agent tip: Match the thandaper and the tax receipt against the deed. In Kerala, ask also for the possession and location certificates.
Related: Revenue Record Survey Number Possession Certificate Mutation
Also called: Adivasi Land Transfer, Fifth Schedule Land, CNT Act Land
Laws in several states that bar or limit the sale of land held by Scheduled Tribe members to non-tribals, to protect tribal ownership. A sale without the required permission can be void and the land may be restored.
Example: A buyer in Jharkhand finds the seller belongs to a notified tribe, and the land is under the state's tenancy law. The deed is void without the deputy commissioner's permission.
Agent tip: When the seller or the village falls under a tribal law, ask a local lawyer before paying. These transfers are examined closely.
Related: Agricultural Land Land Reforms Revenue Record Title
Unique Land Parcel Identification Number: a 14-digit alphanumeric ID assigned to each land parcel, to link land records and maps across the country.
Example: A parcel in a village receives a ULPIN that appears on its digital record.
Agent tip: Ask whether a parcel has a ULPIN. It reduces confusion between survey numbers.
Related: DILRMP Survey Number Revenue Record
Also called: Zamindari Abolition Act, Zamindari Uninmulan
The post-Independence land reform under which intermediaries who collected rent from cultivators were removed, and the cultivators became direct holders from the state. State laws, passed mostly in the 1950s, created holder categories such as bhumidhar and raiyat.
Example: A property in Bihar goes back to a former zamindari estate. The buyer's lawyer traces whether the estate's vesting in the state is reflected in the later khatian.
Agent tip: For old family or estate land, trace the chain to the vesting date, then to a settlement or allotment. It can reveal whether the seller has a valid root.
Related: Land Reforms Bhumidhar Khatian Link Documents
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